Introduction
Male infertility is a widespread yet frequently misunderstood medical condition. It is estimated that male factors contribute to approximately half of all infertility cases worldwide. Despite this prevalence, cultural stigma and lack of awareness often discourage men from seeking proper evaluation. Andrology provides the clinical foundation necessary to understand, diagnose, and manage male infertility effectively.
Causes of Male Infertility
Male infertility may result from pre-testicular, testicular, or post-testicular factors. Hormonal disorders, genetic abnormalities, varicocele, infections, trauma, environmental toxins, and lifestyle factors such as smoking, obesity, excessive alcohol consumption, and chronic stress are among the most common causes.
Abnormalities in sperm concentration, motility, morphology, and DNA integrity significantly reduce fertility potential and are central to andrological evaluation.
Diagnostic Evaluation
A comprehensive assessment begins with a detailed medical and reproductive history, followed by physical examination, erotic activity and semen analysis. Additional investigations may include hormonal profiling, scrotal ultrasonography, genetic testing, and advanced sperm function tests to identify subtle defects.
Therapeutic Approaches
Treatment strategies depend on the underlying cause and may involve medical therapy, surgical correction, lifestyle modification, or assisted reproductive technologies. Andrology prioritizes individualized care aimed at restoring natural fertility whenever possible.
Conclusion
Male infertility is a complex medical condition requiring specialized expertise. Through accurate diagnosis and targeted treatment, andrology significantly improves reproductive outcomes and psychological well-being.